On Leaving Academia

As almost everybody knows at this point, I have resigned my position at the University of New Mexico.  Effective this July, I am working for Google, in their Cambridge (MA) offices.

Countless people, from my friends to my (former) dean have asked “Why?  Why give up an excellent [some say 'cushy'] tenured faculty position for the grind of corporate life?”

Honestly, the reasons are myriad and complex, and some of them are purely personal.  But I wanted to lay out some of them that speak to larger trends at UNM, in New Mexico, in academia, and in the US in general.  I haven’t made this move lightly, and I think it’s an important cautionary note to make: the factors that have made academia less appealing to me recently will also impact other professors.  I’m concerned that the US — one of the innovation powerhouses of the world — will hurt its own future considerably if we continue to make educational professions unappealing.

Opportunity to Make a Difference

Ultimately, I got into science in order to make a positive difference on the world. That goal remains, but, for some of the reasons I outline below, it is becoming harder over time. Google is a strong example of an organization that actually is using advanced computer science to make a real, positive difference in the world. While it’s also difficult to make an impact at an immense company like Google, in the current climate it seems like better chances than in academia.

Workload and Family/Life Balance

Immense amounts have been written about this, and I won’t try to reprise them here. Suffice it to say that the professorial life can be grueling, if you try to do the job well, and being post-tenure can actually make it worse. This is a widespread problem in academia, and UNM is no different. But, as of my departure, UNM had still not approved a unified parental or family leave policy for faculty, let alone established consistent policies and support for work/life balance.

Centralization of Authority and Decrease of Autonomy

In my time at UNM, I served under four university presidents, three provosts, and two deans. The consistent pattern of management changes was centralization of control, centralization of resources, and increase of pressure on departments and faculty. This gradually, but quite noticeably, produced implicit and explicit attacks on faculty autonomy, decrease of support for faculty, and increase of uncertainty. In turn, I (and many others) feel that these attacks subvert both teaching and research missions of the university.

Funding Climate

A near-decade of two simultaneous foreign wars, topped off by the most brutal recession in two generations, has left federal and state budgets reeling. Compounding this, the current Republican-led poisonous political climate and Republican-orchestrated congressional melt-down has destroyed any chance of coherent, reasoned budget planning. In the face of these pressures, we have seen at least seven years of flat or declining funding for federal science programs and state legislatures slashing educational funding across the country. Together, these forces are crunching universities, which ultimately turns into additional pressure on faculty. Faculty are being pushed ever harder to achieve higher levels of federal research funding precisely at the time when that funding is ever harder to come by. This turns into policies that hurt the university by putting the teaching mission at odds with the research mission and subjugating both to the quest for the elusive dollar. A recent UNM School of Engineering policy, for example, uses teaching load as a punishment to goad professors into chasing funding. (Indeed, the policy measures research productivity only as a function of dollars brought in. Strangely, research productivity doesn’t enter the picture, let alone creativity.)

Hyper-Specialization, Insularity, and Narrowness of Vision

The economic pressures have also turned into intellectual pressures. When humans feel panicked, we tend to become more conservative and risk-averse — we go with the sure thing, rather than the gamble. The problem is that creativity is all about exploratory risk. The goal is to find new things — to go beyond state-of-the-art and to discover or create things that the world has never seen. It’s a contradiction to simultaneously forge into the unknown and to insist on a sure bet.

Traditionally, in the US, universities have provided a safe home for that kind of exploration, and federal, state, and corporate funding have supported it. (Incidentally, buying advanced research far cheaper than it would be to do it in either industry or government, and insulating those entities from the risk.) The combination has yielded amazing dividends, paying off at many, many times the level of investment.

In the current climate, however, all of these entities, as well as scientists themselves, are leaning away from exploratory research and insisting on those sure bets. Most resources go to ideas and techniques (and researchers) that have proven profitable in the past, while it’s harder and harder to get ideas outside the mainstream either accepted by peer review, supported by the university, or funded by granting agencies. The result is increasingly narrow vision in a variety of scientific fields and an intolerance of creative exploration. (My colleague Kiri Wagstaff, of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab, has written an excellent analysis of one facet of this problem within our own field of Machine Learning.)

Poor Incentives

Further, the “publish or perish” and “procure funding or perish” pressures discourage exploration outside one’s own specialty. It’s hard to do exploratory or interdisciplinary research when it is unlikely to yield either novel publications in your own field or new funding streams. (Let alone, say, help students complete their degrees.) But many things that are socially important to do don’t necessarily require novel research in all the participating fields, so there’s a strong disincentive to work on them. As just one example from my own experience: when you can’t get credit for helping to save babies lives, then you know that there’s something seriously wrong in the incentive system.

Mass Production of Education

There’s been a lot of excitement in the media about Stanford’s 100,000+ student computer science courses, MIT’s open-sourced classes, and other efforts at mass, distance-education. In some ways, these efforts really are thrilling — they offer the first truly deep structural change in how we do education in perhaps a thousand years. They offer democratization of education — opening up access to world-class education to people from all over the globe and of diverse economic and social backgrounds. How many Ramanujans might we enable, if only we could get high-quality education to more people?

But I have to sound three notes of caution about this trend.

First, I worry that mass-production here will have the same effect that it has had on manufacturing for over two centuries: administrators and regents, eager to save money, will push for ever larger remote classes and fewer faculty to teach them. Are we approaching a day in which there is only one professor of computer science for the whole US?

Second, I suspect that the “winners win” cycle will distort academia the same way that it has industry and society. When freed of constraints of distance and tuition, why wouldn’t every student choose a Stanford or MIT education over, say, UNM? How long before we see the AT&T, Microsoft, or Google of academia? How long before 1% of the universities and professors garner 99% of the students and resources?

Third, and finally, this trend threatens to kill some of what is most valuable about the academic experience, to both students and teachers. At the most fundamental level, education happens between individuals — a personal connection, however long or short, between mentor and student. Whether it’s personally answering a question raised in class, spending twenty minutes working through a tricky idea in office hours, or spending years of close collaboration in a PhD mentorship relationship, the human connection matters to both sides. It resonates at levels far deeper than the mere conveyance of information — it teaches us how to be social together and sets role models of what it is to perform in a field, to think rigorously, to be professional, and to be intellectually mature. I am terribly afraid that our efforts to democratize the process will kill this human connection and sterilize one of the most joyful facets of this thousand-year-old institution.

Salaries

It has always been the case that academics are paid less than their comparable industry colleagues — often, substantially so. (This is especially so in highly sought fields, such as science, technology, engineering, and math [STEM fields] as well as various health fields, law, and a number of other disciplines.) Traditionally, universities compensate for this with broad intellectual and schedule freedom and the joy of mentoring new generations of students. But all of the trends I have outlined above have cut into those compensations, leaving us underpaid, but with little to show for it in exchange. As one of my colleagues remarked when I announced my departure, “We’re being paid partly in cool. If you take away the cool parts of the job, you might as well go make more money elsewhere.”

Anti-Intellectualism, Anti-Education, and Attacks on Science and Academia

There is a terrifying trend in this country right now of attacking academia, specifically, and free thought and intellectualism, generally. Free thought is painted as subversive, dangerous, elitist, and (strangely) conspiratorial. (That word… I do not think it means what you think it means.) Universities are accused of inefficiency and professors of becoming deadwood after tenure or of somehow “subverting the youth”. (Socrates’s accusers made a similar claim before they poisoned one of the great thinkers of the human race.) Politicians attack science to score points with religious fundamentalists and corporate sponsors.

Some elements of these feelings have always floated through the United States psyche, but in recent years it has risen to the level of a festering, suppurating, gangrenous wound in the zeitgeist of the country. Perhaps those who sling accusations at education have forgotten that the US reshaped millennia of social and economic inequity by leading the way in creating public education in the nineteenth century? Or that education has underlaid the majority of the things that have made this country great — fields in which we have led the world? Art, music, literature, political philosophy, architecture, engineering, science, mathematics, medicine, and many others? That the largest economy in the world rests on (educated) innovation, and that the most powerful military in human history is enabled by technological and engineering fruits of the educational system? That the very bones of the United States — the constitution we claim to hold so dear — was crafted by highly educated political idealists of the Enlightenment, who firmly believed that freedom and a more just society are possible only through the actions of an enlightened and educated population of voters?

Frankly, it’s sickening, not to mention dangerous. If the haters, fearers, and political opportunists have their way, they will gut one of the greatest institutions in human history and, in the process, will cut the throat of this country, draining its lifeblood of future creativity. Other countries will be happy to fill the gap, I’m sure, and pick over the carcass of the country that was once the United States of America.


There are other factors behind my decision, of course. Any life change is too complex to express in a short essay. These are the major ones, though.

Nor am I necessarily done with academia forever. I’m going to give the industry track a try for a while, but I could well find myself back in academia in the future. There are certainly many things I still find beautiful and joyful about the job. In the interim, I will look for other ways to contribute to society, other ways to help educate the future, and other ways to change the world.

  • Marcus Barber

    July 26th, 2012

    For some sad but lighted perspective, check out this Ponzi Scheme cartoon that aligns with much of what has been written here
    http://www.phdcomics.com/comics.php?f=1144

  • David

    July 26th, 2012

    Good luck on your new endeavors. If you choose to go back to academia, you will be more valuable to whatever university that hires you.

  • JohnM

    July 26th, 2012

    The ramblings of a man who can’t hack it and wants to blame everyone but himself.

    • Dan

      July 26th, 2012

      Since you think these words amount to “ramblings,” it’s clear you can’t even “hack it” at basic reading comprehension, nor meaningful self-evaluation.

      Sad when people irrationally lash out because of their own failings.

    • gummiblinky

      July 26th, 2012

      I could not agree more with John M.
      How does running away solve the problems?
      Disappointing.

      • gradstudent

        July 26th, 2012

        Well, then why don’t you propose a solution for changing the system, which can be undertaken successfully by staying in the system?

        • Iscander

          July 27th, 2012

          Sometimes you can’t change the system, so you should either live with it, or leave it. Or you might be too tired of this endless, useless fight.

      • SeanM

        July 28th, 2012

        There are many battles he could be fighting, and the author of this post has simply decided that this one is not worth fighting. That doesn’t mean he won’t fight an equally important battle on the other side.

        People like you would be saying the same thing if he were leaving his corporate job to join academia. In other words, this viewpoint is untenable.

        • Lyosha

          August 3rd, 2012

          Exactly. The main fight is for human enlightement. It can be done in many ways, but the most efficient, I think, is the Dharma teaching for those who can understand. Then they’ll spread it further.
          Sorry for my English.
          Ironically though to go to Google for the humanity progress. It’s a well-known CIA-affiliated Co. The same CIA that started killing millions of people in Chile, Iraq etc etc.
          Anyway, good luck in good deeds!

    • DanW

      July 26th, 2012

      Nope. Check this:

      http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=1hfdDW4AAAAJ&hl=en

      I don’t know this guy and have never been to this blog before, but I am a professional scientist and that is not the CV of someone who can’t hack it. The points brought up here are real, they are epidemic across all sciences right now, and they are driving a generation of academic scientists either out of the field or out of the country. In my field alone America has gone from being indisputably #1 in the world to “probably somewhere in the top ten but not the top five” in the last decade.

    • Alex Pang

      July 27th, 2012

      Because obviously if you don’t have the chops to do computer science research, the place to go is Google. Huh?

  • Mike K

    July 26th, 2012

    The fact that the country is going broke doesn’t seem to have impressed you. A lot of intelligent people are wondering how science came to serve politics in areas such as the obsession with anthropogenic global warming. Look at the furious attacks on the sociologist who questioned orthodoxy. That doesn’t look like academic freedom to me.
    http://www.livescience.com/20882-sex-parenting-study-controversy.html

    • Ecks

      July 27th, 2012

      Did you even read the article you linked? A guy funded by conservative foundations releases a study with an extremely questionable methodology that appears to back conservative talking points (i.e., gay parents = bad) in the face of almost all existing evidence on the matter. Upshot? Other scientists critique his methodology.

      That’s how academic freedom WORKS: People are free to release studies, and others are free to critique their methods as inadequate. If the this guy had been fired because he released a report that people just didn’t like the message of (not that they thought his methods were poor, they just didn’t like the answer he came to), THAT would be a problem with academic freedom, but that absolutely didn’t happen here.

      And if you gather as much scientific evidence as we have that global warming is real, and almost certainly human-caused, then NOT publishing these results because Shell and Exxon stand to lose a lot of money is poor science. Standing up for the truth that you’ve found, as you have found it, is the essence of academic freedom, honesty, and integrity.

      See the difference between you and scientists, is that scientists just want to find out what the truth is, and then to work out what we should think and do and believe based on that. You, on the other hand, have apparently decided what you want to think and believe and do, and are then demanding that facts be lined up to support you.

    • Barry

      July 27th, 2012

      “A lot of intelligent people are wondering how science came to serve politics in areas such as the obsession with anthropogenic global warming.”

      If you wish for credibility, you might want to try hiding the fact that you’re a denialist.

  • JayZ

    July 26th, 2012

    It’s astounding that academics still think they can defend what they do by appealing to some notion of “free thought”. Almost all universities nowadays — especially in the social sciences and humanities — are governed by a strict leftist ideology. Students learn quickly, if they didn’t already know, that the basic tenets of that ideology are never to be questioned or criticized. Of course, faculty know it too. Don’t expect to get hired or tenured if you are known to radically disagree with feminism or multiculturalism. Or, in most places, if you are seriously religious. Typical academics are themselves the products of this kind of indoctrination and intimidation, and apparently can’t even recognize it for what it is. When the occasional Bible thumper (or whatever) complains about the leftist garbage being shovelled into the brains of children, they suddenly discover — for the first time — the value of the “free thought” they so aggressively oppose.

    • terran

      July 26th, 2012

      Case in point…

    • foobar

      July 26th, 2012

      Freedom doesn’t mean you can do and think whatever you want. It doesn’t mean you can feel free to ignore logic and reason. It doesn’t mean you can feel free to deprive others of their rights.

      JayZ, you’re filling the internet with garbage, and people like you should try to bring some soundness to your minds, and your words.

      • Morrey Boom

        August 21st, 2012

        Foobar, you are wrong. We are talking here about an ideological debate. It’s not about logic or facts.

        Claiming that, e.g., national ideals are illegitimate, is an ideological statement that should not be part of science or academia. If you want to discuss ideology in academia, do it critically, showing the both sides of the story.

        This is not currently the case in academia.

        How many studies on the problems incurred by multi-cultural societies are being conducted in academy nowadays, for instance?

    • Dr. Outta Here

      July 28th, 2012

      By “known to radically disagree with feminism or multiculturalism,” do you mean to say “sexist and racist”? As a post-academic, I’m all about conciseness.

    • Spiny Norman

      January 20th, 2013

      I have at this point been involved in the hiring of professors at junior and senior levels. What do we care about?

      1. Publications. We want to see groundbreaking papers in major scientific journals.

      2. Funding history and potential.

      3. Ability to teach effectively.

      4. Ability to engage in institutional and professional service.

      I have never — not once — seen selection for “leftist” positions, unless you count excellence in mass spectrometry or single-molecule biophysics or cardiac physiology as somehow “leftist.” That you imagine otherwise indicates strongly that you are clueless about how academic hiring works.

      Anti-intellectualism has been a constant thread winding its way through our political and cultural life, nurtured by the false notion that democracy means that “my ignorance is just as good as your knowledge — I. Asimov

  • Hal

    July 26th, 2012

    Does Google know what a big kvetch they’ve hired? You sound like someone who can take all the oxygen out of a room. And that’s before you’ve moved from a sunny climate to a rainy one–good luck, dude…

    • G. Branden Robinson

      July 26th, 2012

      “Does Google know what a big kvetch they’ve hired?”

      We can be sure their rigorous and (in)famous interview process didn’t suss that out.

      In any case, if there’s one thing we know for sure, it’s that firms absolutely *hate* identifying problems to solve.

    • Brian J. Stinar

      July 26th, 2012

      I never had a class with Terran, but whenever he would speak during departmental symposiums, meetings, presentations or picnics, he was extremely interesting. If not THE most interesting professors in the department, he was for sure in the top three, and we had some talented professors when I earned my MS CS from UNM.

      I’ve listened to him, on numerous occasions, and I never once got the feeling that he was sucking the oxygen out of the room.

  • JayZ refuter

    July 26th, 2012

    JayZ’s message is JUST PLAIN WRONG. Sure you can find examples if you look hard enough – but they are mostly in peripheral departments – humanities of various kinds.
    In science and engineering (and management, my area) nobody pushes the kind of agenda you are talking about – we don’t even know what our colleagues believe on these issues.
    In the social sciences, we DO push an agenda of “provide evidence for your assertions.” That makes us suspect in right-wing circles, where the current fashion is that belief = reality. (e.g. “there is no climate change”) But most scientists don’t even care about that.

    • Morrey Boom

      August 21st, 2012

      “peripheral departments – humanities of various kinds”

      Humanities departments are not peripheral, but are of huge importance. And what “JayZ” is talking about is true.

  • Richard

    July 26th, 2012

    Thank you very much for taking the title to offer your acute observations of the diminishing returns of being an academic. I still enjoy the “cool” parts of my job, but my salary has remained stagnant for the art nine years when I came to a new state university as a full. My salary stagnated for years at a time while I was employed by a university before that. T got a big increase when I moved. But otherwise, my purchasing power of my dollars has gone down significantly over the art twenty years if you factor in a rate of inflation of 2.5 percent annually. I have averaged a third of one percent increase over the past nine years. Still, I am fortunate. And I love my job. But it has been demoralizing to watch the kind of university at which I was educated (U.C. Berkeley) being destroyed soon after I began teaching in 1986. I have no idea why so many readers of your comments have responded so angrily and defensively. I stir good students away from educational careers all the time. Labor practices where I teach are unconscionable. We have undergrads TAing large lecture lower division courses taught by ABD grad students. The faculty union and the faculty senate have done nothing to call attention to the hiring of non-faculty to teach faculty courses. Of course, we are not hiring new faculty to replace faculty retiring or leaving for other jobs. The admin seems determined to vastly shrink the number of faculty. I sometime wonder if I’ll make it to retirement. Thanks again for writing.

  • Erin

    July 26th, 2012

    It is just not the case that there is a strict leftist ideology that you have to adhere to in academia. People who say this have generally either failed at their university and are looking for someone to blame, or have just never been to one.

    If you’re even in a position to be considered to be hired as university faculty, you probably have a pretty good grasp of the difference between beliefs derived from faith and those from science, and where each is appropriate to express and how. I’m pretty sure JayZ has not been in that position.

  • Cranky Old Prof

    July 26th, 2012

    It is sad to see the same old trolls trot out the same old comments. This is a thoughtful column that hits the target over and over again.

  • June Gorman

    July 26th, 2012

    What a voice of sanity in the increasingly burning down wilderness of human possibility and vision. Especially the understanding that “true” learning between human beings and in human society is far more than “machines and markets”.

    Those mechanical and mercantilized values replacing all real human social realities of true progress for humanity’s actual sustainability results in the end of the reason for learning at all — to becoming a better humanity together in a better, more healthy and thriving world. Doesn’t make obscene “leaders” obscenely wealthy though, nor provide the intellectual justification for why that result isn’t indeed moral and social obscenity by any sane, higher social value system.

    This ‘higher’ social goal and value is what made most of us, as teachers, choose this path and it says something astoundingly terrible when we have paved it over with the same economic-reductionist values that destroyed all the other meaningful values of social responsibility to ourselves, each other and our planet.

    Beautifully written, beautifully put and I am sorry to have lost you to “Google” as I think despite the hype, much of the same dynamic will exist there.

    Best of luck to you though.

  • PatC

    July 26th, 2012

    This “kvetch” of which you speak is one very intelligent, capable, and willing dude. I do know him personally and have enjoyed every conversation with him. He is a man passionate about spreading valuable knowledge throughout the youth of our country.

    I hope our country can regain its competitive edge as it falls behind countries like Sweden, Singapore, and others in math and science. We are run by lawyers, chief executives, financial institutions, and other entities who stand in the way of keeping this country great. Why? Personal gain. The large get larger, higher big law firms, and keep the small stunted. Survival of the financially fittest. It looks like he will join Google, the somewhat radical company who IS trying to make a positive difference.

    Disclaimer: shamefully, I haven’t chatted with Terran in 5+ years. I know him from my days as an undergraduate back in (gasp) the ’90s. Terran is one of the best assets our country could hope to have. It’s shameful there are those who think “Leveraging Terran” means pummel him into the ground from a very large distance away from the fulcrum. (Anybody want a peanut?)

    So what can Terran do? Go to Google and make a difference where it is tolerated. His is a mind too great to waste.

  • Marc

    July 26th, 2012

    Excepting the publish-or-perish part, this is an indictment of the current push in the US to delegitimize education at every level.

    Teaching is hard, thankless work. But without it, we’re a third-world backwater with a lot of guns.

    • terran

      July 26th, 2012

      True dat…

  • MP

    July 26th, 2012

    Those who promise to “run government like a business” never seem to have a budget line in their spreadsheet for that squishy and elusive “personal connection.”

  • Silvia Hillyer

    July 27th, 2012

    WOW, I am a retired Student Affairs Officer for a large graduate program, and I am so impressed by this article. It totally fills the bill with my experience in a University setting. Sad, but also true.

  • Jean

    July 27th, 2012

    Even if a person is able to get funding, sometimes the budgets are cut so drastically, the project suffers. I’m a bit scared for science – the base is being eroded from beneath us.

  • Todd Johnson

    July 27th, 2012

    Your post elegantly summarizes many of the issues facing higher education today. In just the past two days I have been at two high level research meetings at which these very same issues were discussed. As higher education faces more and more cuts, administrators are increasingly turning to old, now outdated industrial business models–essentially turning every faculty member into a cost-center. It is truly a race to the bottom, especially when team-based science is becoming increasingly important. Creativity? Innovation? Thinking? We no longer have time for that.

  • Agreed. Academia with all its problems still better from the angle if you carry out your work with the university mission that is the same in corporate too where you cannot go out of company mission, but certainly you will not see intellectuals as you see in academia!.
    yet i agree with you as some comments said new grass other side.
    I was in university and shifted to industry and then to university and independent consultancy, i find today all are running after one object to clock money at any cost, that affects the powerful aspect of character and self discipline.
    Mormon preachers on street find one important thing, that is 4 divisions… unimportant/unurgent; important/unurgent; important/urgent; priorities and they work on but all said and done world moves on Money/Money…but truth is money no intrinsic value, as i found in industry. Better not be oriented to money but become like Socrates as he said if you have a wife always criticizes you you become a great philosopher.Research only lead to philosophy, a new guidance for new future, so it is better to be a philosopher!

    • Spiny Norman

      January 20th, 2013

      “But certainly you will not see intellectuals as you see in academia!.”

      That’s one of the stupidest things I’ve ever read. I am a tenured prof in a top-10 med school, but I’ve also worked in the private sector.

      By FAR the most intellectually talented group of folks I’ve ever worked with was in a small software shop in Silicon Valley. Some of these people had invented things that you use every day of your working life and probably don’t give much thought to.

      I’m not sanguine about the “good” that Google is doing in the world — the profit motive can be incredibly corrupting — but there can be no doubt that the big G has one of the highest densities of serious thinkers in the world.

  • Geno

    July 27th, 2012

    This fellow is right. He is frustrated and he has been in academia too long. I think the shine of Google’s newness will last him just long enough to retirement. Sorry to be mean. This sounds like a thorn warning about the downside of rose bushes.

  • DJD

    July 27th, 2012

    Well-written, concise and to the point. There are so many good points here I can’t pick my favorite. You have channeled the feelings of many professors in American higher education.

    It is sad that you are leaving for Google if only because you clearly do care about higher education.

    It is sad that the anti-intellectualism and poisoned atmosphere of which you speak is so clearly demonstrated by some of the comments left here.

    Best of luck in your new job.

  • Nick Nahat

    July 27th, 2012

    You think ‘everybody’ knows you have resigned your position at the University of New Mexico? Think again. 99.99% of us will check the ‘huh?’ box. How self involved can you possibly get?

    • SeanM

      July 28th, 2012

      Relax, troll. It’s very possible that this author’s regular blog readers tend to be people familiar with the author personally.

      He could know this by tracking pageviews, comments, etc. Obviously there’s something else that bothers you about this post; otherwise you would have had something to say about it.

  • Brian O'Connor

    July 27th, 2012

    Just this evening I was discussing these issues with several colleagues of different ranks in different departments at different universities – with a few local differences, each said nearly the same as this post. As a full professor at retirement age, it brings tears to my eyes that the heart of the academy is being targeted from so many sides. This post hurts, yet it’s eloquence may help some of us to reach out to bring about change. Thank you.

  • Dr. Celestine Woo

    July 27th, 2012

    Thank you for this thoughtful and useful reflection. As another associate professor who is quite serious about leaving academia, I appreciate your eloquence about many issues that I too face, and that inform my current thinking and decisions.

  • Hoai

    July 28th, 2012

    Welcome to Google, Terran. I don’t think you’ll find it to be 100% free of problems, but for sure in the field of Computer Science, you will find yourself in very good company.

    Keep your idealism, and you can help make Google a better place too.

  • SeanM

    July 28th, 2012

    I agree with most of what you’ve written above.

    Here’s the point on which I disagree. You observed that the 1% teaching 99% of students distortion is starting to take place, suggesting that this is a bad thing. It is if you want student-teacher interaction or lots of semi-decent researchers out there. However, it’s not clear that this is a bad thing. Overall, the system will be much more efficient, so we will be able to educate many more students with extremely high-quality lectures. This may put 95% of professors out of work, but is that a bad thing when the best research in academia happens disproportionately at the top 5% of research institutions?

    My main point above is that this could be a good thing for society even if it’s not a good thing for 99% of professors. It completely justifies leaving academia for many of those 99%.

    One thing you didn’t mention is that there is a huge overproduction of science (and non-science) PhDs for the current market, probably because you think about it less. The number of PhDs being generated simply is too large to allow even very bright graduates to get academic jobs. At best, this is inefficient (since it takes these students out of the workforce, where they could command salaries fivefold their stipends, and where they could focus their skills on solving real-world problems); at worst, this is taking advantage of students.

    FWIW, I’m a graduate student at a top school studying ML and nearing graduation who worked at Google before. I learned more and felt like I had more impact at Google, at the expense of a bit of academic freedom. I could imagine a form of corporate “degree” being created in the future, wherein it’s a combination of ongoing internships and coursework.

    • Joel

      August 16th, 2012

      True enough, if my job as a teacher becomes obsolete, then I should learn a new job that is actually productive.

      However, there are other issues with having a very small number of super instructors teaching vast numbers of students. Just as there is a danger when most newspapers and radio stations are owned by a small number of people: diversity is not just a luxury of a benevolent society, but generally has practical advantages. Perhaps the pharmaceutical companies would like the idea of all physicians in the United States studying under a small number of instructors, but personally, I find the idea frightening.

      Replacing mediocre lectures with great lectures is hard to argue against. The rub lies in overvaluing the delivery of information in the college experience.

      Terran mentioned the value of direct interaction between student and teacher. Video conferencing and other technologies can be used for extensive interaction; however, video conferenced courses cannot be mass produced with the same economic multiplication as can pure delivery courses.

      Collage was the first time I interacted with people who had significantly different economic backgrounds from my own. Collage was the first time I had conversations with, eat with and shared a bathroom with people born and raised in Asia, South America, Africa and Europe. With the exception of a very small number of Jewish people, college was the first time I had a lengthy conversation with someone who was not Catholic, Episcopalian, Lutheran or Methodist. In high school, I had a strong academic program and was very excited about learning. From my home town, if on-line courses had been available at that time, I am sure I could have learned all the physics, mathematics and computer science necessary for me to have become a scientific programmer. Yet, somehow, I feel that such an education would have been, in significant ways, more limited than the undergraduate education I did receive.

      Finally, the fact remains that drop rates for e-courses are higher than for traditional courses. This remains true even in studies limited to students who are full-time and live on-campus.

      In my own classes, I am moving toward using on-line materials, either produced by me or others, for the delivery of information. I am moving toward using class time for hands-on activities, group activities, discussions, questions, and students presenting their work while other students, and me, critique that work.

    • JaneB

      September 1st, 2012

      Your comment seems to reduce all ‘teaching’ at university level to lectures, but lectures are only the starting point. In the sciences, fieldtrips and labs and seminars and problem classes along with directed independent study round out the experiences the student needs to really make the material their own and master it. I assume that in the arts/humanities disciplines, seminars, discussion, directed independent study (by which I mean students not just being sent off ‘to read’, but being given a guide to the forest of reading whether that’s an annotated reading list or a series of questions to seek answers to) and other relevant experiences (going to the theatre/concert/whatever) do the same job.

      I am one of those nosy bookworms who is always going to learn stuff, but I also benefited from excellent teachers who taught me to focus, direct my learning, ask good questions and set about answering them systematically, and inspired me with their own example.

      One of the things that worries me about those giant classes is the separation between ‘the expert’ never seen in all their humanness and ‘the learner’, at the far end of a computer. learners interact with other learners, which is good, but it seems to me one of the great things about universities is that learners interact with other learners at ALL stages of the lifelong journey – so they interact not just with other undergraduates, but with grad students, post-docs, junior, senior and emeriti academics, see them as both human and fallible AND as believable potential role models… in other words, the same arguments for ensuring that women/people of colour/disabled people/any other under-represented group in any field see people who ‘look like them’ who have made progress in their chosen field and can act as role models or inspirations or mentors apply to learning environments (hence the often-heard debate about the problem of men rarely choosing to teach in early years classes, which it is argued can lead to boys thinking that learning is ‘girl’s stuff’ so not for them).

  • Deb Merskin

    July 29th, 2012

    Thank you for your posting and your bravery. You are an inspiration. I fantasize about leaving academia, for a variety of reasons, but most of all wanting to make a difference in the world. I’d love to know more about your job search strategies. It strikes me one thing academia also does is leave us convinced we’re not capable of working in the world in any other ways.

  • Dr. Marty

    July 30th, 2012

    As a senior mathematician and computer scientist who has done the Academia to industrial research labs and back to Academia route, I actually think it is a GOOD thing that career researchers move back and forth — even though it is usually done only out of frustration with the current job. My leaving Academia in 1980 was done because of (a) salary — my undergrads were getting jobs paying more than profs, and doubled my income, (b) I felt that computer scientist professor must get some REAL CS world experience — I also believe that Law professors must to court, just as medical professors treat patients. My leaving Industry to go back to academia in 1992, was to regain the independence of researching what I wanted to research and not what the company wanted. And the money caught up somewhat — only a 75% cut.

    • Spiny Norman

      January 20th, 2013

      Right on. Well put.

  • John

    July 30th, 2012

    Terran, I was given the link by a colleague. I am also an Assoc Prof, but at a small liberal arts college. I can certainly agree on many points. Many of the same pressures, albeit not the publish and perish area, are very similar. I do have to feel good about the fact that some of the negatives you mention I have avoided by remaining away from a research institution. Our ratios remain low and we can explore research projects that are small at the undergrad level. Salary as you point out must be a sacrifice, but we have a family leave policy. Thus, I just wanted to point out that not all of academia is as you say. I know many colleagues who are not completely disenchanted.

  • Henry

    August 1st, 2012

    Thank you for a solid expression of a lot of critiques that friends and I have been talking about for the last several years (as we made our way through grad school and are now emerging into professorial and staff jobs). I could quibble and add, but the basic consensus that academia is rapidly becoming an unsustainable organizational form is the crucial point.

    One thought I might add. Not sure if it’s consolatory or menacing, but I’m reminded of Herb Stein’s brilliant quip: “If something cannot go on forever, it will stop.”

  • Nicolas

    August 1st, 2012

    I dont know the true objective state of higher Ed.
    What I recognize, and is in many case missed, is how much energy is spent into science which is decently anything but, and revolves 100pct around endoctrination.

    To be knowledgeable about ‘post colonial social studies’ which are anything but science, and not know who lagrange is is a utter shame.
    But what is more shameful is the pile of people who recognize that and continue to endoctrinate future generation on the basis of self preservation.

    Anti intellectualism has never found better allies than those crowds. The true lovers of knowledge have a duty to call them out.

  • Joel

    August 15th, 2012

    It should be pointed out that far from being “a man who can’t hack it”, Terran was quite successful at UNM, receiving over $4.5 million in grants from NSF, DARPA and other sources. He also has an impressive publication record. In “publish or perish”, Terran was not perishing. Google did not become a highly successful company by hiring unsuccessful people.

    I am still in academia, and still liking it, although I do feel much truth in Terran’s eloquent essay. Hopefully this essay will be one of the many forces needed to improve the path of education and innovation in the United States.

    Best wishes Terran!

  • Larissa Fradkin

    August 16th, 2012

    We have very similar problems in the UK. Your dream that other countries will replace US might not materialize. It is amazing how quickly harmful trends spread from the States to UK and elsewhere. Even South Korea is experiencing a fall in engineering students now.

    Those who are put in charge of Universities, quickly learn from each other how to maximize their personal profits and power and subjugate those who value their security and want to believe that they live in a rational world. Yet, in the UK we see no obvious correlation between interests of senior management and interests of their institutions.

    I am talking from experience. Just like Simon Gaskell at Queen Mary University College (London) now my own VC at London South Bank University, Martin Earwicker, allowed our Dean Rao Bhamidimarri to pretend that they make academics redundant (we have no tenure in the UK) in order to “modernize” the University. In both cases, the selection criteria for redundancy have not only been retrospective they are drastically different to criteria used for assessing research in the nation-wide research assessment exercises (now called REF – Research Reference Framework)! In other words, in both cases the management invented its own performance criteria simply to make sure that the targeted academics are disposed off. Apart from being unlawful the procedure is clearly harmful to the institutions (good results in REF would significantly increase the institution income and reputation). It looks as if VCs bonuses do not depend on the REF income but rather on the number of people they fire.

    In my case I have taken London South University to court and their redundancy procedure has been proven to be a sham – see wordpress.backtohigher.com. It took me 3 years. How many people can afford the energy, time and money to repeat this? Not many, but it is crucial to keep exposing the incompetency (at best) of people at the top.

    Academics who mourn the loss of academic freedom should learn a bit of history. “Freedom is never an achieved state; like electricity, we’ve got to keep generating it or the lights go out.” — Wayne LaPierre

  • anonymous joe

    August 20th, 2012

    Professors/teachers do these important functions
    1) absorb intellectual property as a perennial student
    2) transfer intellectual property through teaching
    3) verifying the intellectual property is transferred through exams/tests
    4) create new intellectual property

    Although 4) is what brings/attracts money and hence is paramount, except 4) is really not possible without 1)-3)

    And since money is all that matters these days, we need a system where 1)-3) happen successfully in spite of lack of money.

    A system where all knowledge past, present and future is free (as in freedom).

    The rich would never let this happen, not without a fight at least. So if you cannot fight them, join them if you can.

  • Morrey Boom

    August 20th, 2012

    Nice post. But your biased political accusations are quite unreasonable. It is not the conservative thinkers alone who put a threat on science and truth-seeking. It is also the far-left liberals who advocate for “relativism” and “post-modern” thinking. Indeed, the anti-intellectual sentiments you’ve been talking about are adequate to a certain extent, as some far-left academic liberals insist on abusing science for political purposes.

    • Perry

      September 4th, 2012

      What a load of nonsense. “Anti-intellectual sentiments” are NEVER adequate. Sorry, but anyone who thinks it’s ok to be anti-intellectual is a true moron.

  • industry

    August 21st, 2012

    I’m inclined to empathise with the post, except that one is sorely mistaken if he or she feels achieving work-life balance in the large coporation is possible.

    Good luck though.

  • JFran

    August 21st, 2012

    I appreciate the Princess Bride reference :)

  • Larissa Fradkin

    August 21st, 2012

    Weber and experience have shown a long time ago that any large organisation eventually becomes unworkable. No doubt many corporations already reached this stage and some still have a way to go. Life work balance is not the point. The point is that more and more academics find it impossible to do properly the job they love, because the criteria by which their work is measured by managers become more and more counterproductive.

  • beanandzeus

    August 30th, 2012

    I came accross this while trying to clarify my own thoughts about whether to leave or stay in academia. Thought provoking, for sure – and helps articulate some of the sentiments I am experiencing.

    And just to note – ANY job that involves teaching is NOT cushy. I have taught everything from middle school through college-level science, and have found them grueling and emotionally taxing. I once thought I wanted a Ph.D. so I could teach college students, but much to my surprise, research (even grant-writing) is my refuge! We teach 9 contact hours where I am, so all the research I do I stuck in when the general public is off for the evening or on the weekends.

  • Exactly my feelings

    December 21st, 2012

    Exactly my feelings about academia vs industry.

    While I don’t necessarily agree with the “mass production of education” section, I do agree with the poor incentives and lack of work-life-balance.

    I am glad you are willing to speak up while most others are not. Often times I feel people don’t want to be confronted with having made the wrong choice in the first place to accept some of what you list in the article.

    Thanks for expressing your opinions frankly and good luck at your new job!

  • Todd

    January 20th, 2013

    Some really great points. But joining Corporate America for work/life balance? Thats like moving to the middle east for peace.

  • Hazel Meade

    January 21st, 2013

    I don’t think conservatives are so much attacking “education” as a particular leftist intellectual orthodoxy prevalent in the liberal arts and humanities.

    I havn’t heard many people complain about it with respect to STEM fields.

  • Dennis Elam

    January 22nd, 2013

    The lack of budget planning you mention rests on Harry Reid’s doorstep, the Senate under his leadership has not had a budget for the last three years. He has regularly refused to bring House legislation up for discussion. Barack has been in office for the last four years you complain about. I suspect privatizing the space program is a good idea but that is a pretty big science budget cut in itself. Give Harry a call I amsure he would like to hear from you.

    Entitlements for food stamp and disability claims have soared to new heights while no doubt science grants have not. Bush however much you hate him did not make that decision.

  • Wayne Hsieh

    January 25th, 2013

    This was an interesting point, but perhaps because I’m an academic in the Humanities, I found pieces of it odd. Even though administrators have been attempting to consolidate power at many schools, the tenure system still gives tremendous autonomy and leeway to senior faculty. The modern American university is something akin to a form of feudalism, where professors serve as barons, rather as employees, because barring gross misconduct, they can’t be fired. Take note of Lawrence Summers of Harvard, who was deposed in a faculty revolts of sorts by barons who proved able to subvert his will. It’s true that many administrators fairly early in their careers enter a separate career track than line faculty,but they’re still products of the same system. If universities have problems (and they do), they’re mostly the product of their own doing. I can’t speak to funding issues, but from the humanities side of the house, you STEM folks still seem *awfully* flush, both in terms of public and private funding. Sure, I’m sure things could be *better*, but isn’t that always the case? And I see schools like my alma mater, Yale, embarking on gargantuan fund-raising campaigns devoted to STEM (or the new Cornell initiative in NYC), but I don’t see ANYTHING like that in the humanities. Partly because such a thing would be unnecessary, but think my larger point stands. Private giving remains a huge advantage for American universities, even in a climate of more austere public funding, and it’s not like tuition raises have been sparse.

    Furthermore, the post is most eloquent on questions of culture and community–but the people who create that culture and community are ACADEMICS themselves. The causal link argued here is pretty tenuous–drops in external funding and vague cultural currents lead to academic doom. But the ways administrators can punish professors–extra teaching loads, bad offices, etc., depriving departments of *new* hires, are still pretty modest. And STEM faculty have even more leverage, because if they’ve got the chops, they can leave for the private sector (obviously). If academics with the immense privilege of tenure (a privilege that IS abused all too often) can’t create a strong intellectual community, they really have only themselves to blame. Not necessarily as individuals, but as a collective whole.

  • I. M. Flaud

    February 27th, 2013

    I am also leaving academia, but without the distinguished publication record of the author of this post. I’m not a professor–my title is research associate. My hope in obtaining that position was to publish with the group and build some academic capital, but in the two years I have been there, I have not been included in any publications and have had to publish unrelated work on my own. Within my group I’m seen as a system administrator and IT guy, and have been steered toward support work and software development, and away from research.

    It may be that the STEM disciplines are “flush” by comparison with the humanities–strictly speaking, the “M” in STEM is closer to the humanities with respect to funding than the science, technology and engineering disciplines. (I sure wouldn’t mind working in the digital humanities “in this moment.”) Life in a grant-driven research group is dictated by funding. The unremitting preoccupation with the next grant compromises currently funded projects and turns intellectuals into mental technicians and administrators.

    There is little incentive to promote an individual assigned to projects which provide funding for the group, and to activities that support the research efforts of others, but which are unlikely themselves to result in publication.

    I’m also acutely aware that I lack the superior eloquence of my more persuasive colleagues. (This inability would hamper me not only in academia but in virtually any career.) I have been unable to persuade my superiors that the anxiety-provoking death march to which I have been assigned to produce a system intended to demonstrate (nonexistent) technical capabilities to a skeptical funding agency, has already been executed by several competent, experienced and well-funded teams of more than one person. Against this I have at least three competing projects which cannot receive the exclusive attention they deserve, and I am continually interrupted with trivial software installation requests and technical failures rare enough not to have been documented in the ever-expanding global online archive of technical minutia. The perspective is that information technology hasn’t specialized in the past 30 years–nothing is too trivial to undertake or too specialized and technical to require extensive study and practice.

    I don’t have a family or children–I didn’t want them. I wanted to work in an environment where I could be paid for research. The compensation is $25K less than the administrative position I previously held. It is self-defeating for me to continue supporting professors, postdoctoral, postgraduate and undergraduate students. But since my work as a mental technician is valued, I might as well seek better compensated employment where I would not have the indignity of supporting persons whose career opportunities are foreclosed to me. But I am not leaving as an accomplished academic–mine is the easier decision to make.

  • I. M. Flaud

    February 27th, 2013

    I am also leaving academia, but without the distinguished publication record of the author of this post. I’m not a professor–my title is research associate. Since I am not leaving as an accomplished academic, mine is the easier decision to make.

    Within my group I’m seen as a system administrator and IT guy, and have been steered toward support work and software development, and away from research. My hope in obtaining that position was to publish with the group and build some academic capital, but in the two years I have been there, I have not been included in any publications and have had to publish unrelated work on my own. There is little incentive to promote an individual assigned to projects that provide funding for the group, and to activities that support the research efforts of others, but which are unlikely themselves to result in publication.

    The STEM disciplines are “flush” by comparison with the humanities–strictly speaking, the “M” in STEM is closer to the humanities with respect to funding than the science, technology and engineering disciplines. (I sure wouldn’t mind working in the digital humanities “in this moment.”) But life in a grant-driven research group is dictated by funding. The unremitting preoccupation with the next grant compromises currently funded projects and turns intellectuals into mental technicians and administrators.

    I’m also acutely aware that I lack the superior eloquence of my more persuasive colleagues. (This inability would hamper me not only in academia but in virtually any career.) I have been unable to persuade my superiors that the system I have been assigned to create, intended to demonstrate (nonexistent) technical capabilities to a skeptical funding agency, has already been executed by several competent, experienced and well-funded teams of more than one person. The project is an all-consuming, deeply anxiety inducing death march for which I am unqualified. Against this, I have at least three competing projects which cannot receive the exclusive attention they deserve, and I am continually interrupted with trivial software installation requests and technical failures rare enough not to have been documented in the ever-expanding global online archive of technical minutia. The perspective is that information technology hasn’t specialized in the past 30 years–nothing is too trivial to undertake or too specialized and technical to require extensive study and practice.

    I don’t have a family or children–I didn’t want them. I wanted to work in an environment where I could be paid for research. The compensation is $25K less than the administrative position I previously held. It is self-defeating for me to continue supporting professors, postdoctoral, postgraduate and undergraduate students. But since my work as a mental technician is valued, I might as well seek better compensated employment where I would not have the indignity of supporting persons whose career opportunities are foreclosed to me.

  • Rachel

    February 27th, 2013

    You are right. You are brave. I am an academic in Canada, with the same experiences, with the same agonizing. I’d like to take this essay to work with me and read it out loud at the next faculty meeting. Thank you so very much for sharing. Thank you.