Selected Publications
- Williams, L.R., Increased Complexity and Fitness of Artificial Cells that Reproduce Using Spatially Distributed Aynchronous Parallel Processes, The 2021 Conference on Artificial Life (ALIFE '21), Prague, Czech Republic, 2021.
- Williams, L.R., Towards Complex Artificial Life, The 2019 Conference on Artificial Life (ALIFE '19), Newcastle, UK, 2019.
- Zhang, X. and L.R. Williams, Euclidean Invariant Recognition of 2D Shapes Using Histograms of Magnitudes of Local Fourier-Mellin Descriptors, IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV '19), Hawaii, 2019.
- Jensen, L.A. and L.R. Williams, An FPGA Implementation of a Distributed Virtual Machine, Unconventional and Natural Computation (UCNC '18), Fountainbleau, France, 2018.
- Williams, L.R., Programs as Polypeptides, Artificial Life 22, pp. 451-482, 2016.
- Williams, L.R., Self-replicating Distributed Virtual Machines, 14th Intl. Conf. on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems (ALIFE '14), New York, NY, 2014.
- Williams, L.R., Evolution of Tail-Call Optimization in a Population of Self-Hosting Compilers, European Conf. on Artificial
Life (ECAL '13), Taormina, Sicily, 2013.
- Williams, L.R., Robust Evaluation of Expressions by Distributed Virtual Machines, Unconventional and Natural Computation (UCNC '12),
Orleans, France, 2012.
- Ackley, D.H., Cannon, D.C. and L.R. Williams, A Movable Architecture for Robust Spatial Computing, The Computer Journal, Nov. 2012.
- Williams, L.R., Artificial Cells as Reified Quines, European Conf. on Artificial Life (ECAL '11), Paris, France, 2011.
- Abbott, R.G. and L.R. Williams, Multiple Target Tracking with Lazy Background Subtraction and Connected Components Analysis, Machine Vision and Applications 20(2), pp. 93-101, 2009.
- Zhang, J., Steinberg, S.L., Wilson, B.S, Oliver, J.M., and L.R. Williams, Markov Random Field Modeling of the Distribution of Proteins on Cell Membranes, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 70(1), pp. 297-321, 2008.
- Wiley, K. and L.R. Williams, Representing Interwoven Surfaces in 2 1/2 D Drawings, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 27(4), pp. 70-83, 2007.
- Yang, S., Raymond-Stintz, M.A., Ying, W., Zhang, J., Steinberg, S.L., Williams, L.R., Oliver, J.M., and B.S. Wilson, Mapping ErdB Receptors on Breast Cancer Cell Membranes During Signal Transduction, Journal of Cell Science 120, pp. 2763-2773, 2007.
- Solis, K.J., Williams, L.R., Swartzenruber, B.S., and S.M. Han, Addimer Chain Structures: Metastable Precursors to Island Formation on Ge-Si(001)-(2 × n) Alloyed Surface, Surface Science 601, pp. 172-177, 2007.
- Green, E., Olah, M., Abramova, T., Williams, L.R., Stefanovic, D., Worgall, T.,
and M.N. Stojanovic, A Rational Approach to Minimal High-Resolution Cross-Reactive Arrays, Journal of the American Chemical Society 128(47), pp. 15278-15282, 2006.
- Zweck, J.W. and L.R. Williams, Euclidean Group
Invariant Computation of Stochastic Completion Fields Using
Shiftable-Twistable Functions, Journal of Mathematical Imaging
and Vision 21(2), pp. 135-154, 2004.
- Mahamud, S., Williams, L.R., Thornber, K.K.
and K. Xu, Segmentation of Multiple Salient
Closed Contours from Real Images, IEEE Trans. on Pattern
Analysis and Machine Intelligence 25(4), pp. 433-444, 2003.
- Williams, L.R. and J.W. Zweck, A Rotation and
Translation Invariant Discrete Saliency Network, Biological
Cybernetics 88(1), pp. 2-10, 2003.
- Williams, L.R. and K.K. Thornber, Orientation, Scale,
and Discontinuity as Emergent Properties of Illusory Contour
Shape, Neural Computation 13(8), pp. 1683-1711, 2001.
- Thornber, K.K. and L.R. Williams,
Characterizing the Distribution of Completion Shapes with Corners
Using a Mixture of Random Processes, Pattern Recognition
33, pp. 543-553, 2000.
- Zweck, J.W. and L.R. Williams, A Wavelet Basis for
Euclidean Invariant Computation of Visual Contours, SIAM
News 33(3), pp. 1-5, 2000.
- Williams, L.R., Zweck, J.W., Wang, T. and K.K. Thornber, Computing Stochastic Completion Fields in Linear-Time Using
a Resolution Pyramid, Computer Vision and Image
Understanding 76(3), pp. 289-297, 1999.
- Williams, L.R. and K.K. Thornber, A
Comparison of Measures for Detecting Natural Shapes in Cluttered
Backgrounds, Intl. Journal of Computer Vision 34 (2/3),
pp. 81-96, 1999.
- Williams, L.R. and D.W. Jacobs, Local
Parallel Computation of Stochastic Completion Fields, Neural
Computation 9(4), pp. 859-881, 1997.
- Williams, L.R., Topological
Reconstruction of a Smooth Manifold-Solid from its Occluding
Contour, Intl. Journal of Computer Vision 23(1),
pp. 93-108, 1997.
- Williams, L.R. and D.W. Jacobs, Stochastic Completion Fields: A Neural
Model of Illusory Contour Shape and Salience, Neural
Computation 9(4), pp. 837-858, 1997.
- Thornber, K.K. and L.R. Williams, Analytic Solution of Stochastic Completion
Fields, Biological Cybernetics 75, pp. 141-151, 1996.
- Williams, L.R. and A.R. Hanson,
Perceptual Completion of Occluded Surfaces, Computer Vision
and Image Understanding 64(1), pp. 1-20, 1996.